It is then considered equivalent with ⟨ae⟩ and collated accordingly. The ligature ⟨æ⟩, used in Latin as a variant of ⟨ae⟩, is used in some Swedish surnames. The letter ⟨æ⟩ was used in earlier Swedish script systems, when there was in general more similarity between the Scandinavian languages. The news agency TT follows this usage because some newspapers have no technical support for ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨ø⟩, although there is a recommendation to use ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨ø⟩. ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨ø⟩ are not easily available on Swedish keyboards, and are thus often replaced with ⟨ä⟩ and ⟨ö⟩. Unlike letters with diacritics like ⟨à⟩, ⟨ë⟩, ⟨í⟩, etc. The letters ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨ø⟩, used in Danish and Norwegian, are considered variants of ⟨ä⟩ and ⟨ö⟩, and are collated as such. It is otherwise treated as a variant of ⟨ y⟩ and is called "German ⟨y⟩".įor foreign names, ⟨ç, ë, í, õ⟩ and many others might be used, but are usually converted to ⟨c, e, i, o⟩, etc. The umlauted ⟨ ü⟩ is recognised but is only used in names of German origin, and in German loanwords such as müsli. The characters ⟨à⟩ (which is used only in a few rare non-integrated loanwords such as à, from French) and ⟨é⟩ (used in some integrated loanwords like idé and armé, and in some surnames such as Rosén or Löfvén) are recognised but regarded as variants of ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩, respectively. ⟨z⟩ is the second least used letter in Swedish, before ⟨q⟩. ⟨z⟩ was instead used in loanwords for historical /z/. As a result, ⟨z⟩ was replaced by ⟨s⟩ in 1700. The letter ⟨z⟩ is rare, used in names and a few loanwords such as zon "zone". This means Swedish books printed before 2006 would group ⟨w⟩ with ⟨v⟩ in the index, and most Swedish software published before 2006 would treat the two as variations of a single character when sorting text. ⟨w⟩ was given its own section in the dictionary, and the ⟨w⟩ = ⟨v⟩ sorting rule was deprecated. The two letters were often combined in the collating sequence as if they were all ⟨v⟩ or all ⟨w⟩, until 2006 when the 13th edition of Svenska Akademiens ordlista (The Swedish Academy's Orthographic Dictionary) declared a change. Swedish sorting traditionally and officially treated ⟨v⟩ and ⟨w⟩ as equivalent, so that users would not have to guess whether the word, or name, they were seeking was spelled with a ⟨v⟩ or a ⟨w⟩. Foreign words and names bring in uses of ⟨w⟩, particularly combinations with webb for (World Wide) Web. Many family names kept their ⟨w⟩ despite the change to common words. Official orthographic standards since 1801 use only ⟨v⟩ for common words. Before the 19th century, ⟨w⟩ was interchangeable with ⟨v⟩ ( ⟨w⟩ was used in Fraktur, ⟨v⟩ in Antiqua). Other uses include some loanwords that retained ⟨q⟩, including queer, quisling, squash, and quilting student terms such as gasque and foreign geographic names like Qatar. Some proper names kept their ⟨q⟩ despite the change to common words: Qvist, Quist, Husqvarna, Quenby, Quinby, Quintus, Quirin and Quirinus. Since 1900, only the forms with ⟨k⟩ are listed in dictionaries. ⟨q⟩ was common in ordinary words before 1889, when its replacement by ⟨k⟩ was allowed. They are distinct letters in Swedish and are sorted after ⟨z⟩ as shown above. In addition to the basic twenty-six letters, A–Z, the Swedish alphabet includes Å, Ä, and Ö at the end. The pronunciation of the names of the letters (that does not necessarily coincide with the sounds the letters represent) is as follows: The runes underwent partial "latinization" in the Middle Ages, when the Latin alphabet was completely accepted as the Swedish script system, but runes still occurred, especially in the countryside, until the 18th century, and were used decoratively until mid 19th century. The Latin alphabet was brought to Sweden along with the Christianization of the population, although runes continued in use throughout the first centuries of Christianity, even for ecclesiastic purposes, despite their traditional relation to the Old Norse religion. It contains 20 consonants and 9 vowels ( ⟨a e i o u y å ä ö⟩). The 29 letters of this alphabet are the modern 26-letter basic Latin alphabet ( ⟨a⟩ to ⟨z⟩) plus ⟨ å⟩, ⟨ ä⟩, and ⟨ ö⟩, in that order. The Swedish alphabet ( Swedish: Svenska alfabetet) is a basic element of the Latin writing system used for the Swedish language. For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
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